•\y;U' 












Qass hJ 

Book I 



CATALOGUE 



OF THE 



NATIONAL PORTRAITS 



IN 



\ade\ \oKia . I]^DEPE]\BEMCE HALL. 



COMPKISING MANY OF THOSE OP THE 



SIGNERS OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 



AND OTHER 



DISTINGUISHED PERSONS 




CONNECTED WITH THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE EFFORTS WHICH RESULTED 

IN THE GLORIOUS LIBERTY WE NOW ENJOY. 



2V 



C 




PHILADELPHIA. 

1856. 



INTRODUCTION. 



The slight historical and characteristic sketches of the eminent persons which this 
Gallery of National Portraits represents, and -which "was collected with much labor 
and attendant expense by the City Coiincils, is intended to convey to the visitor a 
brief glance of the distinguished individuals which they respectively represent. 

The object of their being permanently placed within this Hall, so sacred to the 
feelings and sentiments of the American people, is to associate them with the men 
whose wisdom, patriotism and untiring energy in the times that tried the souls of 
men within the veritable Hall in which the undying acts of most of them were first 
begun. 

The visitor in surveying the countenances of such as were conspicuous for the 
peculiar virtues with which they were endowed, will be strongly impressed with the 
representation which this, the only collection of authentic portraits, imposes. 

In addition to the portraits there are other objects of interest that cannot fail to 
attract the attention of visitors, among which may be named — The Old Bell of 
Independence, weighing 2080 lbs., with its remarkable motto, "Proclaim Liberty 
throughout the land, and to all the people thereof." — A portion of the Pew in Christ 
Church, used by General "Washington, Lafayette and Dr. Benjamin Franklin— 
Dr. Franklin's Desk. — A portion of the Stone Step from which Independence was . 
proclaimed. — Rush's Statue of Washington. — And suspended from the ceiling in 
the centre of the Hall is (in a good state of preservation,) the ancient Chandelier 
which was used by Congress during their deliberations. 

Also, the Chair made in 1838, by order of the Board of Commissioners of the late 
District of Kensington, forms in itself quite a museum of curiosities. "Among the 
materials used in its construction, will be found a portion of a mahogany beam 
from a house built in 1496, near the present city of St. Domingo, for the use of 
Christopher Columbus. This house was the first built in America by ^European 
hands. The chair also contains fragments of the Treaty Elm ; of Penn's Cottage, 
in Letitia court ; of the United States frigate Constitution ; of the ship-of-the-line 
Pennsylvania ; and of one of a group of Walnut Trees, which formerly stood in 
front of the State House, and which served as a land-mark and guide, in early 
times, for those who were bound from the city to the State House, then out of 
town. Some portions of cahe-seating from a Chair once the property of William 
Penn, and a lock of the ilair of the late Chief Justice Marshall, are also inserted 
in this curious piece of furniture." 



t Stah l0tt$^ 



"This distinguished building was commenced in the year 1729, and 
completed in the year 1734. The amplitude of such an edifice, in so 
early a day, and the expensive interior decorations, at a cost af five thou- 
sand six hundred pounds, are creditable evidences of the liberality and pub- 
lic spirit of the times." 

" A place, consecrated by numerous facts in our colonial and revolu- . 
tionary history, its contemplation fills the mind with numerous associa- 
tions and local impressions. Within its walls were once witnessed all the 
memorable doings of our spirited forefathers — above all it was made 
renowned in 1776, as possessing beneath its dome, the Hall of Inde- 
pendence, in which the representatives of a nation resolved to be free and 
independent." 



HISTORY 



®Ib §'^11 of |nkpnhnce» ,; 

This Bell was imported from England, in 1752, for the State House, but 
having met with some accident in the trial-ringing after it was landed, it 
lost its tones received in the fatherland, and had to be conformed to ours 
by a re-casting. This was done under the direction of Isaac Norris, Esq., 
the then Speaker of the Colonial Assembly ; and to him we are probably 
indebted for the remarkable motto so indicative of its future use. That 
it was adopted from Scripture, (Lev. xxv, 10,) may to many be still 
more impressive, as being also the voice of God — of that great Arbiter, 
by whose signal providence we afterwards attained to that " Liberty" and 
self-government which bids fair to emancipate our whole continent, and 
in time'to influence and meliorate the condition of the subjects of arbitrary 
government throughout the civilized world. — Vide Watson's Annals. 



CATALOGUE. 



No, -.•,„, 

1, WILLIAM PENN, the Proprietor of Pennsylvania, and Founder 

of the City of Philadelphia (son of Admiral Penn,) was born in 
London, October 14, 1644, and was educated at Christ Church Col- 
lege, Oxford University. He imbibed the principles of Quakerism, 
in consequence of which he was twice turned out of doors by his 
father; in 1668 he preached in public, and began to write a defence 
of the doctrines he had embraced ; for this he was thrice imprisoned ; 
it was during his first imprisonment that he wrote — no cross — no 
crown. In March, 1681, he obtained from Charles II. a grant of 
the territory which now bears the name of Pennsylvania. In 1682, 
he embarked for his new Colony, and about the 24th October 
landed on its shores. After a continuance of two years in the pro- 
vince he returned to England; in 1689 again sailed for Pennsyl- 
vania, and returned to England in 1701, and fixed his residence at 
Kushcomb, in Buckinghamshire, where he spent the remainder of 
his days. He died July 5th, 1718, aged 74 years. Inman. 

-JOHN HANCOCK, President of the Congress which declared 



American Independence, was born in Quincy, Massachusetts, in the 
year 1737. In 1760 he. was chosen a member of the Assembly. In 
October, 1774, was unanimously elected President of the Provin- 
cial Congress of Massachusetts; and in 1775 President of the Con- 
tinental Congress, in which capacity he was the first to affix his 
signature to the Declaration of Independence. He resigned in 1777, 
and in 1780 was elected Governor of Massachusetts for four years 
successively, and again from 1787 to 1793. He died suddenly on 
the 8th October, 1793, in his 55th year. C W. Peale. 

3. ROBERT MORRIS, one of the signers of the Declaration of In- 
dependence, was born in Lancashire, England, in 1733. He emi- 
grated to this country and established himself as a merchant in 
Philadelphia. In 1775 he was appointed a delegate to Congress. He 
was a member of the convention which framed the Constitution of 
the United States in 1787, and afterwards a Senator in Congress. 
He was considered the greatest financial operator of that day ; and it 
was mainly through his untiring energy that the army during the 



CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 



No. ^ 

revolutionary war was provided with supplies. In his old age he 
lost his ample fortune by unfortunate land speculations, and passed 
the last years of his life confined in prison for debt. He died in 
1806, aged 73. C. W. Pealb. 

4. — -aENERAL JOSEPH REED, a patriot of the American revo- 
lution, was Adjutant-General of the staff of General Washington, 
Was a member of Congress and president of Pennsylvania in 1778, 
was born in New Jersey in 1741, and died in Philadelphia in 1785. 

C. W. Peale. 

5. THOMAS JEFFERSON, one of the signers of the Declaration of 

Independence, was born at Shadwell, Albemarle County, Virginia, 
on the 2d April, 1743. He was elected a member of the Virginia 
Legislature in 1769. On the 12th March, 1773, was appointed a 
member of the first committee of correspondence established by the 
Colonial Legislatures, and on the 27th March, 1775, elected to 
represent Virginia in the General Congress of the Confederated Co- 
lonies assembled at Philadelphia. He was chairman of the commit- 
tee that drew up the declaration, setting forth the causes and neces- 
sity of resorting to arms. On the 28th June, 1776, the declaration was 
presented to Congress ; and after some alteration was adopted on the 
fourth of July. On the 1st June, 1779, he was elected Governor 
of Virginia. On the 6th June, 1783, he was again elected a delegate 
to Congress. On the 10th March, 1785, he was appointed Minister 
Plenipotentiary at the Court of Versailles. October, 1789, he re- 
turned home, and accepted the responsible position of Secretary of 
State. December 31, 1793, he resigned, and retired once more to 
private life. In 1797, he was elected Vice-President of the United 
States. At the end of four years he was a candidate, and was by the 
House of Representatives elected President ; and on the 4th March, 
1801, took the oath of office. He was subsequently re-elected. He 
died at Monticello, July 4, 1826, aged 84 years. C. W. Peale. 

6. DOCTOR JOHN WITHERSPOON, a signer of the Declaration 

of Independence, was born in the Parish of Tester, near Edinburgh, 
in Scotland, February 5, 1722 ; was educated at the University of 
Edinburgh. He was- one of the most distinguished of the Scottish 
Clergy; he left his home at the solicitation of the Board of Trustees 
of Princeton College to accept the Presidency of that Institution, and 
arrived at Princeton in August, 1768. In 1776 he was elected a 
delegate to the Continental Congress, where he remained during the 
war, and until 1782 ; on the return of peace he resumed his duties 
at the College. He died on the 15th day of November, 1794,- 
aged 73. C. W. Peale. 

7. PHILIP LIVINGSTON, one of the signers of the Declaration of 

Independence, was born in Albany, New York, on the 15th January, 
1716; in 1774 he was returned to the general Congress, where he 
remained until 1777. He died at York, Pennsylvania, on the 12th 
June, 1778, aged 62. C. W. Peale. 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. 



No. 

8. KICHARD HENRY LEE, one of the signers of the Declaration 

of Independence, was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, 
January 20, 1732. He was a member of the leading committees of 
the Continental Congress which met in Philadelphia, September 5, 
1774, to prepare an address to the people of Britain, to the King, 
and to the Colonies. He died at Chantilly, Westmoreland County, 
Virginia, June 19, 1794, aged 64 years. C. W. Peale. 

9. SAMUEL HUNTINGTON, one of the signers of the Declaration 

of Independence, was the descendant of a family who emigrated into 
this country at an early period, and landed at Saybrook, in the Pro- 
vince of Connecticut. He was born in Windham, Connecticut, on 
the 3d July, 1732, and was appointed a delegate to Congress in 
1776; and on the 28th September, 1779, was chosen the Presi- 
dent of that body. In 1784 he was appointed Chief Justice of the 
Supreme Court of Connecticut; and one year after was elected Lieu- 
tenant-Governor; and in 1786, he was elected the Chief Magistrate 
of that State, in which honorable station he remained until his death, 
, on the 5th January, 1796, aged 64 years. C. W. Peale. 

10. CHARLES CARROLL, of Carrollton, one of the signers of the 

Declaration of Independence, was born at Annapolis, in the State of 

Maryland, on the September, 1737. He was a member of 

Congress from the State of Maryland, and was elected to the United 
States Senate in 1788 ; and subsequently to the State Senate. He 
died November 14, 1832, aged 95 years. C. W. Peale. 

11. FRANCIS HOPKINSON, an American author, and a signer of 

the Declaration of Independence, was born in Philadelphia in 1737. 
He was appointed on the 16th July, 1779, by the Government, a Judge 
of the Admiralty Court of the State of Pennsylvania, which post he 
held for ten years, and then received the appointment of Judge of 
the United States for the District of Pennsylvania, which oflBice he 
held until 9th May, 1791, when he died of apoplexy, aged 52 years. 

Dubois. 

12. SAMUEL CHASE, whose father was the Rev. Thomas Chase, 

of English birth, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, was born in Somerset County, Maryland, on the 17th 
April, 1741. He was a delegate to the Congress which met in 
Philadelphia, in September, 1774. In 1776, he received from Con- 
gress the mission to Canada, in conjunction with Mr. Carroll and Dr. 
Franklin. In 1791 he was appointed Chief Justice of the Court of 
Maryland; and in 1796 was appointed by General Washington 
an Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the United States. He 
died June 19, 1811, aged 71. C. W. Peale. 

13. THOMAS McKEAN, one of the signers of the Declaration of In- 
dependence, was born in the township of New London, Chester county, 
Pennsylvania, on the 19th March, 1734. His father was a native of 
Ireland. In 1756 he was appointed Deputy Attorney General tq pro- 



CATALOGUE OP THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 



No. 



secute the pleas of the croVn in the county of Sussex ; in 1757 he 
was elected clerk of the House of Assembly ; in 1762 he was elected 
a member of the Assembly, from the county of New Castle, where he 
continued for seventeen years, although during the last six years he re- 
sided in Philadelphia. In 1774 he was chosen a delegate to Con- 
gress to meet in Philadelphia, where he remained until the 1st Feb- 
ruary, 1783 ; he was the only member of the Kevolutionary Congress 
' who remained until after the preliminaries of peace were signed in 
1783. During his residence in Philadelphia he wasChief Justice of 
Pennsylvania, although he represented the State of Delaware in Con- 
gress. He was Chief Justice twenty-two years, and at the time of 
his appointment he was speaker of the House of Assembly, President 
of Delaware, and a member of Congress ; in 1799, he was elected 
Governor of Pennsylvania, and continued in that office until 1808. 
He died on 24th June, 1817, aged 82 years. C. W. Peale. 

14. THE MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE, a young French noble- 
man, was born at the Chateau de Chavagnac, in the province of Au- 
vergne, France. On the 6th September, 17»d7,he sailed for America 
at the age of nineteen. Congress tenderecl him a commission of 
Major-General; he furnished means for procuring supplies for the 
army, and equipped men at his own expense. He was wounded at 
the .battle of Brandy wine, and after his recovery was actively engaged 
in various parts of the country, until 1779, when he returned to 
France. After the conclusion of peace he again visited the United 
States in the years 1784 and 1824. He died at his hotel in Paris, 
on the 21st May, 1834, in his 78th year. Thos. Sully. 

15. DOCTOR. BENJAMIN RUSH, an eminent American physician, 

was born at Bristol, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1745. He was 
educated at Princeton College, and took his degree at Edinburgh, 
He was chosen a member of Congress in 1776, and signed the De- 
claration of Independence, and was Professor of Medicine and Clini- 
cal practice at the Pennsylvania University. He died April 19th, 
1813, in his 68th year. C. W. Peale. 

16. JOHN ADAMS, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- 
pendence, was born near Boston, on the 19th October, 1735. Was 
a member of Congress from Massachusetts in 1776. At the close of 
the war he was appointed first Minister to London; in 1789 
elected Vice President, and on the resignation of Washington, suc- 
ceeded him to the Presidency in 1797. He died on the 4th July, 
1826, in his 91st year. C. W. Peale. 

17. FERNANDO CORTES, was born at Medellin, in Spain, in 1485. 

He was a distinguished Spanish commander. In 1504 he went to 
St. Domingo, and in 1511 he accompanied Velasquez to Cuba. He 
died in Spain, December, 1554, aged 63. C. W. Peale. 

18. CONSTANTINE FRANCIS CHASSBOUF, Count de Volney, an 

eminent French writer and traveler. C. W. Peale. 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. 



No. 

19. ROBERT FULTON, an American engineer, was born at Little 

Britain, Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, in ,1765. Was cele- 
brated for his great ingenuity in mechanics. In 1809, he obtained a 
■ patent for his inventions in navigating by steam, and in 1811, another 
for additional improvements. He was about constructing a sub-ma- 
rine vessel, large enough to carry one hundred men, for the United 
States government, when he died suddenly, in 1815. 

C. W. Peale. 

-COUNT DE ROCHAMBEAU, was born in Vendome, in 1725, 



and entered the army at the age of sixteen years. In 1746, he be- 
came aid-de-eamp to Louis Philippe, Duke of Orleans, and was after- 
wards appointed to the command of the regiment of La Marche. He 
was wounded at the battle of Lafeldt. He fought bravely at Cre- 
veldt, Miaden, Corbach, and Clostercamp. In 1780, he came to 
Philadelphia with a strong force, and after assisting in the capture of 
Cornwallis, and remaining several months in America, he returned to 
France. He died in 1807, aged 61 years. C. W. Peale. 

2l.-^C0L0NEL JAMES WILKINSON, of the army of the Revolu- 
tion, afterwards Major General of the United States army, was born 
in Maryland, in 1757. In 1775, he enlisted as a volunteer, and in 
1776, was captain of a regiment for Canada. After the surrender of 
Burgoyne, he was the bearer of despatches to Congress; served on 
the northern frontiers in the war of 1813, and died December 28, 
1825. C. W. Peale. 

22. ROBERT WHARTON, an eminent citizen of Philadelphia, and 

for many years distinguished for his firmness and eflSiciency as Mayor 
of that city. C. W. Peale. 

24. ADMIRAL PENN. The Penns were an old family in the early 

part of the 16th century. Admiral was the son of Giles Penn and 
grandson of Wm. Penn, who died 1591. He sailed with his father 
until the duty of every grade of seamanship was familiar to him. 
He entered the Royal Navy, and was at once selected for a post of 
command. He was a captain before he reached the age of twenty, at 
twenty-three, he was made rear-admiral, at twenty-five, vice-admiral 
in the Irish sea, and at twenty nine, vice-admiral of the Straits. He 
was the father of Wm. Penn, the founder of the city of Philadelphia. 
He died September 16tb, 1670, and was buried in the parish church 
in the town of Bristol. C. W. Peale. 

U. GENERAL DU PORTAIL, was one of the engineers for the 

continental army. He came to the United States with the knowledge 
and approbation of the French government, was appointed colonel 
of engineers and afterwards promoted to the rank of brigadier. 

C. W. Peale. 

-CAPTAIN NICHOLAS BIDDLE, an American naval officer, 



was born in Philadelphia in 1750. He entered the British fleet in 
1770. At the commencement of hostilities between the colonies and 



10 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL POETRAITS 

No. 

the mother country, he returned to Philadelphia, obtained the cap- 
taincy of the .brig Andrew Dorin, and towards the close of 1776, 
received the command of the Randolph, a new frigate of 32 guns, 
with which he soon captured a Jamaica fleet of 4 sail. He fell in 
with the royal line of battle ship Yarmouth, Captain Vincent, of' 64 
guns, on the 7th March, 1778, off Barbadoes, and after an action of 
20 minutes, perished with all his crew, (31.5 men,) except four, by 
the blowing up of the ship. C. W. Peale. 

26. COLONEL DE CAMBRAY, a French engineer, and commander 

of the artillery in the western department, during the revolutionary war. 

C. W. Peale. 

;27. GENERAL BENJAMIN LINCOLN, a Major General in the 

American army,, was born in Higham, Massachusetts in 1733, and 
until he arrived at the age of forty years, he was engaged in agricul- 
tural pursuits. At the commencement of the revolution, he was 
elected a member of the Provincial Congress, and in 1776 was com- 
missioned a Major General. In 1781, was appointed secretary of 
the "War Department, and in 1788, chosen Lieutenant Governor of 
his native State. He died in 1810, aged 77 years. 

C. W. Peale. 

:28. JOHN PAGE, Governor of the colony of Virginia, an ardent 

patriot, one of the first representatives in Congress after the adoption 
of the Federal Constitution, Governor of the State of Virginia, died 
1808. C. W. Peale. 

.29. CAPTAIN MERIWEATHER LEWIS, a celebrated explorer, 

was born in Virginia, in 1774. In 1803, he was sent by President 
Jefferson, on an exploring expedition to the north-western part of the 
American continent, and was subsequently appointed Governor of 
Louisiana Territory. He put an end to his own life in 1809. 

C. W. Peale. 

30. CHRISTOPHER GADSDEN, a patriot of the American Revolu- 
tion, was born in South Carolina in 1724. In 1765, he was a mem- 
ber of the Congress which convened at New York, and again of that 
which assembled in 1774. He was elected Governor of the State of 
South Carolina, in 1782, but declined on account of the infirmities of 
age. He died in 1805, aged 81 years. C. W. Peale. 

-COLONEL SAMUEL SMITH, of Maryland, distinguished him- 



self during the Revolutionary War by a gallant defence of Mud 
Island, afterwards called Fort Mifilin, near Philadelphia, for many 
years a leading politician and Senator in Congress. C. W. Peale. 

-COLONEL JOHN EAGER HOWARD, an Officer of the Army 



of the American Revolution, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, in 
1752. In 1779 he was appointed a Lieutenant Colonel, and dis- 
tinguished himself at the battles of Cowpens, Germantown, White 
Plains, Monmouth, and Camden. He was subsequently elected Gov- 
ernor oi Maryland, and also a representative from Maryland to the 
United States Senate. He died in 1827. C. W. Peale. 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. 11 

No. 

33. COLONEL HENRY LEE, a distinguished Officer in the American 

Revolutionary Army, was born in Virginia in 1756, and graduated at 
Princeton College. He was one of Washington's body guards at the 
battle of Germantown. In 1786 was appointed a delegate to Con- 
gress from the State of Virginia, and remained in that body until the 
adoption of the present Constitution. In 1792 he was elected Grov- 
ernor of the State of Virginia, and in 1799 again elected to Con- 
gress. He was severely wounded during the riot in Baltimore in 1814, 
and died on Cumberland Island, Georgia, in 1818. C. W. Peale. 

34. CHEVALIER DE LA LUZERNE, «econd Minister to the United 

States from France, and successor to M. Gerard in 1780. 

^ . C. W. Peale. 

35. JOHN DICK^SON, a celebrated political writer, was born in 

Maryland in 1732, educated in Delaware, and practiced law in the 
city of Philadelphia. In 1765 was appointed, by Pennsylvania, a 
delegate to the first Congress held at New York, and subsequently 
a member of Congress, and President of Pennsylvania and Delaware 
successively. He died at Wilmington in 1808. C. W. Peale. 

36. INDIAN CHIEF, (Brandt,) a noted, half-blooded, Indian Chief 

of the Mohawk tribe, was educated by Doctor Wheelock, of Dartmouth 
College. In the Revolutionary War he attached himself to the British, 
and headed the party which destroyed the beautiful village of Wyom- 
ing. He resided in Canada after the war, and died there in 1807. 

0. W. Peale. 

37. ALEXANDER HAMILTON was born in the Island of Nevis, in 

the British West Indies, on. the 11th January, 1757. At the age of 
16 he accompanied his mother to New York, and was placed at Colum- 
bia College. At the age of 19 he entered the American Army ; and 
in 1777 was appointed an Aid-de-Camp to Washington, with the rank 
of Lieutenant Colonel. In 1782 he was chosen a member of Congress 
from the State of New York ; and in 1787 a member of the Conven- 
tion which framed the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 he 
was placed by Washington at the head of the Treasury Department. 
He retired from office in 1795 j and in 1804 he fell in a duel with 
Colonel Burr, Vice President of the United States. 

G. W. Peale. 

28. CHARLES THOMPSON was born in Ireland in 1730, and emi- 

; - grated to America at the age of 11 years. He was appointed, in 1774, 
to record the proceedings of the first Continental Congress, and con- 
tinued to occupy the honorable position of Secretary for 15 years 
and resigned July 1789. He died August 16, 1824, aged 94 years' 

C. W. Peale. 



39. TIMOTHY PICKERING was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 

1746. He was successively Postmaster General, Secretary of State, and 
Secretary of War. From 1803 to 1811 he was a Senator in Congress from 
his native State; and from 1814 to 1817 a Representative in that 
body. He died in Salem 1829. C. W. Peale. 



12 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 

No. 

40. COMMODORE HAZLEWOOD, an active Naval Officer in the 

Revolution. 0. W. Peale. 

41. JOHN ANDREW SHULZE, Governor of the State of Pennsyl- 
vania from 1823 until 1829, was a citizen of Lebanon county, Penn- 
sylvania, and for many years previous to his election to that important 
office, he represented Lebanon county in both branches of the State 
Legislature. R. Peale. 

42. RED JACKET, oi' Sagoyewatha, said to signify '-one who keeps 

awake," or simply "keeper awake," was born about the year 1756, 
at " Old Castle," now embraced in the town 'of Seneca, Ontario county, 
New York. For many years before his death he resided about four 
miles from Buifalo, and near the land reserved for the remnant of the 
Seneca nation. His house was a log cabin. Some of his tribe were 
Christians, but Red-jacket would never listen to anything of the kind. 
He acted a conspicuous part in the battle which took place at Fort 
George on 17th August, 1813. Nothing seemed to trouble Red-jacket 
more than the intrusion of Missionaries among his people, of which he 
made a formal complaint to the Governor of New York in 1821. The 
petition met with success, for no ministers were, for some time after- 
wards, admitted upon the reservation. He had become very intem- 
perate, and died at his own house January 20, 1836, aged 80 years. 

C. W. Peale. 

43. DOCTOR BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, The Philosopher and States- 

man, (son of a Soap Boiler and Tallow Chandler,) was born at 
Boston, Massachusetts, January 17, 1706. In 1728 he established a 
new paper in Philadelphia. His first public employment was 
Clerk to the General Assembly of Pennsylvania, then Postmaster, and 
subsequently as Representative. In 1753 he was appointed Deputy 
Portmaster General of British America; and from 1757 to 1762 he 
resided in London as agent for Pennsylvania and other colonies. In 
1778 he was despatched by Congress as ambassador to France. He 
died April 17, 1790, aged 84 years. C. W. Peale. 

44. COLONEL STEPHEN H. LONG, of the United States Topo- 
graphical Engineers, commanded in two exploring expeditions to the 
sources of the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains. 

C. W. Peale. 

45.-- — PEYTON RANDOLPH, first President of the American Con- 
gress, was a native of Virginia. In 1756 was appointed King's 
Attorney for that colony, and held the office for many years. In 1774 
he was appointed a Delegate to the Congress, which assembled in Phil- 
adelphia, and was elected its president ; he also presided in the Con- 
gress of 1775. He died suddenly, October 22, 1775, aged 52 years. 

C. W. Peale. 

46. WILLIAM MOORE, President of the State of Pennsylvania in 

1781. G. W. Peale. 



m INDEPENDENCE HALL. 13 

No. 

47. GENERAL NATHANIEL GREENE, Major-Gen eral in the 

Army of the United States, was born in Warwick, Rhode Island, in 
1742. In 1770 he was elected a member of the State Legislature. He 
presided at the court-martial which tried Major Andre in 1780, and 
succeeded Arnold in the command at West Point. He died in Georgia, 
June, 1786. C. W. Peale. 

48. GENERAL JAMES VARNUM was born at Dracut, Massachu- 

setts, in 1749, and graduated at Providence College in 1769. He 
joined the Army in 1775. He was commissioned a Brigadier in the 
Continental service in 1777, and served under Sullivan in the opera- 
tions at Rhode Island in 1778. He was a Delegate to Congress in 
1786, and the following year Judg^ of the North-western Territory. 
He died at Marietta, Ohio, January 10, 1790, aged 41 years. 

C. W. Peale. 

49. DOCTOR ROBERT HARE, of Philadelphia, an eminent Chemist 

and a Professor in the Medical Department of the University of Penn- 
sylvania. R. Peale. 

50. GENERAL CHARLES LEE, a Major-General in the army of 

the American revolution, was born in North Wales, and became an 
officer at the age of 11 years. Served at an early age in Canada; 
under Burgoyne in Portugal ; in the Polish army ; killed an Italian 
officer in a duel ; sailed for New York in 1773, and espoused the 
cause of liberty; and in 1775, received a commission from Congress 
with the rank of Major-Geueral. In 1776, he was invested with the 
command at New York, and afterwards with the chief command of 
the Southern Department. In December, 1776, he was made pri- 
soner by the English, and remained such until the surrender of 
Burgoyne in 1777. In 1778, he was court-martialed for miscon- 
duct, and suspended for one year. He retired to a hovel in Virginia, 
living in entire seclusion, surrounded by his books and his dogs. In 
1782, he went to reside in Philadelphia, where he died in obscurity 
in October of the same year.. C W. Peale. 

51. HENRY LAURENS, was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in 

1724. In 1776 he was elected a delegate to Congress; he was soon 
elected President of that body, and remained so until the close of 
the year 1778. In 1779 he was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary 
to Holland, but on his way thither he was captured by the British 
and committed to the Tower, where he was held in confinement four- 
teen months. He died in 1792. C. W. Peale. 

52. ROBERT MORRIS, the Financier of the revolution, was born 

in England, in January, 1733, came to this country while yet a 
child, and was educated in Philadelphia. C. W. Peale. 

53. ALBERT GALLATIN, a native of Switzerland, came to this 

country in 1780, in his 19th year. In 1785, he founded and settled 
at New Geneva, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He was a mem- 



14 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 

No. 

ber of the State Convention of 1789 ; a member of Congress ; Secre- 
tary of the Treasury of the United States ; one of the Commissioners 
at Ghent in 1813; and Minister to France and England until 1826. 

C. W. Peale. 

54. CAPTAIN JAMES BIDDLE, born in Philadelphia, February 

18, 1783, was a distinguished officer in the war of 1812. 

C. W. Peale. 

55. COMMODORE STEPHEN DECATUR, a distinguished officer 

in the Navy of the United States, was born January 5, 1779, on the 
eastern shore of Maryland, and received his education in Philadel- 
phia. He entered the army in 1798, and distinguished himself by 
the destruction of the frigate Philadelphia, which had run upon a 
rock in the harbor of Tripoli, and fallen in an enemies hands. At 
the bombardment of Tripoli the next year, he captured two of the 
enemies boats which were moored along the mouth of the harbor. 
In the late war between Great Britain and the United States, his 
chief exploit was the capture of the British frigate Macedonian. In 
the summer of 1815 he was sent to the Mediterranean, after securing 
protection to American commerce at Algiers. He went to Tripoli 
for a like purpose, and then returned to the United States. He was 
then appointed a member of the Board of Commissioners for the 
Navy, and held that office until March, 1820, when he was shot in a 
duel with Commodore Barron. J. Stewart. 

56. COLONEL NATHANIEL RAMSEY, a native of Maryland, an 

officer of the revolutionary army, and afterwards Collector of the 
Port of Baltimore. C. W. Peale. 

57. JOHN BARTRAM, a distinguished American botanist, was born 

in Pennsylvania, in 1701. He was a simple farmer, self-taught in 
the science of botany, and in the rudiments of the languages, medi- 
cine, and surgery. He contributed much to the gardens of Europe. 
At the time of his death, in 1777, he held the office of American 
Botanist to George III. of England. C. W. Peale. 

58. BARON FREDERICK WILLIAM STEUBEN, was a Prussian 

officer. Aid-de-camp to Frederick the Great, and Lieutenant-General 
in the army of that distinguished commander. He arrived in New 
.Hampshire from Marsailles, in November, 1777, and immediately 
oflFered his services to the Continental Congress. In 1778 he was 
appointed Inspector-General with the rank of Major-General, and 
effected important changes in all ranks of the army. He was in the 
action at Monmouth, commanded in the trenches of Yorktown on the 
day which concluded the struggle with Great Britain. After the 
war, he retired to a farm in the vicinity of New York. The State of 
New York afterwards gave him a tract of 16,000 acres of land in the 
County of Oneida, and the general government made him a grant of 
two thousand five hundred dollars per annum. He died at Steuben- 
ville, New York, in 1795, aged 61 j and at his own i^equest was 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. 15 



No. 



wrapped in his cloak, placed ia a plain coffin, and hid in the earth, 
without a stone. to tell where he was laid. C. W. Peale. 

59. GENERAL ARTHUR ST. CLAIR was born in Edinburg, in 

Scotland in 1734, and emigrated to America in 1755. He served in 
Canada in 1759, and as Lieutenant in 1760 under General Wolff. 
In January, 1776, he was appointed a Colonel in the Continental 
Army, and was ordered to raise a regiment for service in Canada, 
which he did within sis weeks of his appointment. He was ap- 
pointed a Brigadier in August, 1776, and was an active participant 
in the battles of Trenton and Princeton. In 1777, June 5, he had 
the command of Ticonderoga. After peace was declared, he resided 
in Pennsylvania, was elected to Congress in 1786, and was President 
of that body in 1787. In 1788, he was appointed Governor of the 
North-West Territory, which office he held until 1802, when Ohio 
was admitted as a State into the Union. He died at Laurel Hill, 
near Philadelphia, August 31, 1818, aged 84 years, and almost 
penniless. C. W. Peale. 

,60. — -CHEVALIER GERARD, first Minister from France. He ar- 
rived in Philadelphia about September, 1779 ; he was a gentleman 
of high attainments, and was r.eceived with much regard by the com- 
mander-in-chief. C. W. Peale. 

61.- — COLONEL WILLIAM A. WASHINGTON, a distinguished 
officer of the American revolution, was a native of Virginia, and a 
relative of General Washington's. He served as Captain under 
Mercer, fought in the battle on Long Island, and in that of Trenton, 
in which he was wounded. At the battle of the Cowpens he con- 
tributed much to the victory, and received a sword from Congress for 
his good conduct. He was wounded and taken prisoner at Eutaw 
Springs, and remained a prisoner at Charleston until the close of the 
war. He settled in South Carolina, and died in 1810. 

C. W. Peale. 

62. GENERAL ARTEMUS WARD, of Massachusetts, was appointed 

first Major-General of the American army, June 17, 1775. He was 
a member of Congress both before and after the adoption of the pre- 
sent Constitution. He died at Shrewsbury, October 28, 1800, aged 
73. C. W. Peale. 

63.— —TIMOTHY MATLACK, a public spirited, and much esteemed 
citizen of Philadelphia, who without being in office was active in 
public affairs during and after the revolution. He lived to an ad- 
vanced age, and possessed a remarkable recollection of past events. 

C. W. Peale. 

64. CHARLES THOMSON, Secretary of the Congress which de- 
clared American Independence. ■ C. W. Peale. 



16 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 

65. FRANCIS JOHN, Marquis de Chastellux, a French Field Mar- 
shal, author of " Travels in North America/' and an able writer. 

C. W. Peale. 

66. COLONEL DAVID HUMPHREYS, a patriot of the American 

revolution, born in Connecticut, in 1752. He was appointed Aid to 
Greueral Washington in 1780, with whom he remained during the 
war; and at its termination accompanied him to Washington. In 
1790, he was appointed Minister to Portugal. In 1797, Minister to 
the Court of Madrid. He died February 21, 1818, aged 66. 

R. Peale. 

67. GENERAL "LACLAN McINTOSH, an officer of the American 

revolutionary war, was one of the early settlers of Georgia. He was 
appointed a Brigadier-General September 16, 1776. Was a member 
of Congress in 1784. He died at Savannah, February 20th, 1806, 
aged 80. C. W. Peale. 

68. REVEREND BISHOP WHITE was born in Philadelphia in 

April, 1748. He entered the University of Pennsylvania at the age 
of seventeen. About the close of the year 1770, he repaired to Eng- 
land for holy orders, and was ordained a deacon in the month of De- 
cember of the same year. In April, 1772, he received priests orders 
and returned to Philadelphia. He was appointed chaplain to Con- 
gress, and in April, 1779, was elected rector of Christ church and 
St. Peter's, in which charge he remained the whole of his professional 
life. In ] 786 he was elected Bishop of the Church in Pennsylvania. 
He soon after proceeded to England for consecration, along with Dr. 
ProVost, who had been appointed to the same station in New York, 
which sacred commission he received on the 4th March, 1787. He 
died on the 17th July, 1836, aged 88. C. W. Peale. 

69. MRS. ROBERT MORRIS, wife of the great financier, daughter 

of Colonel White and sister of Bishop White. C. W. Peale. 

70. DAVID RITTENHOUSE, a celebrated astronomer and mathe- 
matician, born in Pennsylvania in 1732. He was for some time 
president of the Philosophical Society, Treasurer of Pennsylvania 
from 1777 to 1789 and again from 1792 to 1795, and director of the 
Mint. He died in 1796. C. W. Peale. 

71. LADY MARTHA WASHINGTON, was Martha Dandridge, 

born in New Kent county, Virginia, in May, 1732. In 1749 she 
married Colonel Daniel Parker Custis, of New Kent, and settled on 
the banks of the Parmunky river. Her husband died when she was 
about 25 years of age, leaving her a large fortune. In 1758 she be- 
came acquainted with Colonel Washington, he became her suitor and 
they were married about 1759. They removed to Mount Vernon. 
Lady Washington survived the general about two years, and she was 
laid beside him in the family tomb at Mount Vernon. In a marble 
sarcophagus their remains now lie together at that Mecca of many 
patriot pilgrims. C. W. Peale. 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. 17 



-GENERxlL GEORGE WASHINGTON, (in Jacquard.) This 



portrait was woven at Lyons, France, in silk, in the Jacquard loom of 
Messrs. Pons, Philippe & Vibert, and by them presented to the city 
of Philadelphia. 

PtEV. DR. HENRY ERNEST MUHLENBERG was horn • in 



New Providence, Pennsylvania, November 17th, 1753, and was edu- 
cated in Germany. Upon his return to the United States, he was 
ordained an Assistant Pastor of the Lutheran Church in Philadelphia. 
In 1780 he assumed the pastoral care of a Lutheran church in Lan- 
caster, where he continued until his death, May 23, 1815. He was 
eminent for his knowledge of botany. His father was a native of 
Germany, and emigrated to Pennsylvania in 1742. C. W. Peale. 

74. COMMODORE DAVID PORTER, of the United States Navy, 

born in Boston, February 1, 1780. He resigned his commission in 
the navy and was appointed charge d' affaires to Constantinople ; he 
was subsequently sent out as minister to the Porte, and there died 
March 28, 1843. His remains were brought to this country and in- 
terred in the city of Philadelphia. C. W. PeAle. 

75. GENERAL WILLIAM SMALLWOOD, was appointed a Brig- 
adier-General in 1776, and commanded the Maryland troops on Long 
Island, at the battle near Camden, and also at the battle of German- 
town in 1777. In 1785 he was appointed a delegate to Congress, 
and the same year Governor of Maryland. He died February, 1792. 

C. W. Peale. 

76. BARON DE KALB, was a native of Alsace, (a German province 

ceded to France.) He came to America in the spring of 1777, with 
Lafayette and other foreign officers, holding the office of brigadier in . 
the French service. Congress commissioned him a Major-General on 
the 15th September, 1777, and he immediately joined the army under 
Washington. He was afterwards in command at Elizabethtown and 
Amboy in New Jersey, and while in Morristown in 1780, was at the 
head of the Maryland division. In the battle near Camden, while 
trying to rally the scattered Americans, in August, 1780, he fell 
pierced with eleven wounds. He died at Camden three days after- 
wards, and was buried there. The citizens of Camden have erected a 
marble monument to his memory, the corner stone of which was laid 
by Lafayette in 1825. C. W. Peale. 

77. GENERAL JOHN ARMSTRONG was born at Carlisle, Penn- 
sylvania, November 25th, 1758. He joined the army as a volunteer 
in Potter's (Pennsylvania) regiment in 1775. He served as aid to 
General Mercer and afterwards to General Gates. He was Secretary 
of the State of Pennsylvania, and adjutant-general under Dickenson 
and Franklin's administration. In 1787, he was chosen a member of 
the Old Congress. In 1789, he removed to the State of New York. 
In 1800 he was elected a United States senator, and in 1804 he was 
appointed by Mr. Jefferson, minister to France, where he remained 
for more than six years. In 1812 he was appointed Brigadier-Gene- 



18 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 

No. 

ral ; and in 1813, lie was called hj Mr. Madison to the War Depart- 
ment, He died at his residence at Eed Hook, New York, on the 1st 
April, 1848, in his 90th year. K. Peale. 

78. DOCTOR WILLIAM SHIPPEN,.an eminent physician of Phila- 
delphia, was born in Pennsylvania, and graduated at Princeton Col- 
lege in 1754. In 1764, he began at Philadelphia, the first course of 
lectures on anatomy ever delivered in the country. He was one of 
the founders and early professors in the medical department of the 
University of Pennsylvania. In 1777 he was appointed director 
general of the medical department of the army; he died in 1808. 

R. Peale. 

79.- GENERAL ANDREW JACKSON was born on the 15th 

March, 1767, at the Waxhaw settlement, about 45 miles from Cam- 
den, South Carolina, about two years after his parents had emigrated 
from the Emerald Isle. The battle of Hanging Rock was the first in 
which Andrew Jackson was engaged ; he was then 13 years of age. 
After the close of the Southern war, and in 1786, he commenced the 
practice of law, and was shortly afterwards appointed by the Governor 
of North Carolina, attorney-general of the western district. In 1794, 
he removed to Nashville, Tennessee, and was soon elected to a seat in 
the national legislature. In 1797, he represented the State in the 
United States senate, and was subsequently elected commander-in- 
chief of the Tennessee militia, and shortly after a Major-General in the^ 
United States Army. In 1799, he was appointed to the Supreme 
Court of law and equity in the State of Tennessee. In 1804, he re- 
signed from the bench and returned to his estate. In 1796, Tennes- 
see was created a State, and Jackson was chosen a member of the 
conventibn to frame a constitution. In the war of 1812, Jackson's 
services were offered and accepted by Congress, and on the 15th Feb- 
ruary, 1813, the general with his troops landed at Natchez. During 
that year he was an active participant and commander of the forces 
engaged in the Creek war. On the 22d May, 1814, he was appointed 
by the President, Brigadier-General and brevet Major-General in the 
United States service, and shortly afterwards succeeded Major-Gen- 
eral Harrison as Major-General. Between the IGth July and the 10th 
August, 1814, he concluded a treaty of peace with the Creeks. Pre- 
parations were now making by the British for an invasion of the Ameri- 
can territories, and Jackson again entered into active preparations for 
defence. On the 25th August, 1814, three British ships arrived at 
Pensacola with 300 men, and on the 21st September, Jackson issued 
a proclamation to the people of Louisiana: on the 6th November, he 
arrived before Pensacola, and on the morning of the 7th, he proceeded 
towards the town and forced the Spaniards to surrender; on the 9th, 
he restored the town and forts to the Spaniards and took up the line 
of march for Mobile. On the 22d November, he started for New 
Orleans, where, after great preparation on both -sides, the victory was 
accorded to the American troops, on the 8th January, 1815, and on 
the 13th March, 1815, the War Department announced the conclu- 
sion of peace between Great Britain and the United States. In the 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL, 19 



early part of 1816, he again repaired to New Orleans to protect the 
Southern borders from the inroads of the savages. In 1816, October, 
he returned to Nashville, and in March, 1821, he was appointed by 
President Monroe, Governor of Florida. In 1822, he declined a re- 
appointment, and in December, 1823, he took his seat in the United 
States Senate as a representative from Tennessee. In October, 1828, he 
was elected to the presidency of the United States, and in 1832 he 
was re-elected. In March, 1837, after eight successive years as Pre- 
sident, he retired to the Hermitage, and died on the 8th of June, 
1845, aged 78. ' Etter. 

80. BRIGADIER-aENERAL ZEBULON MONTGOMERY PIKE, 

a Brigadier-General in the Army of the United Stetes, was born at 
Lamberton, New Jersey, January 5, 1779. He was stationed on the 
northern fj;ontier at the commencement of the war of 1812. In 1813 he 
was appointed Brigadier-General, and was despatched, at the head of 
about 1,600 troops, against York, the capitol of Upper Canada; and, 
in a successful assault upon that place, was killed, with many of his 
troops, by an explosion of the magazine of the Fort. 

C. W. Peale. 

81. JONATHAN BAYARD SMITH, a member of Congress during 

the Revolution ; a Colonel in the Army at Princeton, Trenton, and 
Brandywine. C. W. Peale. 

82. GOVERNOR WILLIAM FINLEY was born at Mercersburg, 

Pennsylvania, in 1770, where he resided until 1807, when he was 
elected State Treasurer ; and in 1817 he was elected Governor of the 
State of Pennsylvania. C. W. Peale. 

83. COLONEL TENNANT, a French Officer, who served in the Army 

of the Revolution ; returned to France, and afterwards came as Min- 
ister of France to the United States. C. W. Peale. 

84. GENERAL DANIEL MORGAN, a distinguished Officer in the 

Army of the American Revolution, was born in New Jersey, and re- 
moved to Virginia in 1755. He was an efficient officer, and rendered 
important service to his country. He died in 1799. 

C. W. Peale. 

85. GOVERNOR SIMON SNYDER was born in the town of Lan- 
caster, Pennsylvania, November, 1759. In 1776 he left Lancaster, 
and resided at Yorktown, Pennsylvania, and finally settled in 
Northumberland in July, 1784. In 1789 he was a member of the 
Convention that formed the Constitution of the State ; and in 1797 
he was elected to the State Legislature. He was elected Governor of 
the State three successive terms, 1808, 1811, and 1814. He died in 
the spring of 1820. His father emigrated to Pennsylvania from Ger- 
many about 1740. C. W. Peale. 

86. WILLIAM FINDLEY, an Irishman by birth, was a citizen of 

Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania; he frequently represented that 



20 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 



county in the State Legislature, and was long a prominent member of 
Congress. He was an influential member of the Convention that 
framed the State CoHstitution of 1790. He lived to an advanced age, 
and died much lamented by all who knew him. C- W. Peale. 

87. GENERAL HENRY DEARBORN, of New Hampshire, a Soldier 

of the American Revolution. He was a Captain in Stark's regiment 
at the battle of Bunker Hill ; was captured by the British, and put in 
close confinement. In May, 1776, he was permitted to return on 
parole ; and in March, 1777, he was exchanged. , He served as Major 
under G-ates at the capture of Burgoyne. In 1779 he accompanied 
Sullivan against the Indians. In 1780 he was with the army in New 
Jersey. In,1781 he was at Yorktown at the surrender of Cornwallis. 
In 1789 he was appointed, by Washington, Marshal of the State 
of Maine; twice he was elected to Congress from Maine, hi 
1801 he was appointed Secretary of War, and held that office until 
1809. In 1812 he was commissioned Senior Major-General of the 
Army in the United States. In 1822 he was appointed Minister to 
Portugal. 1824 he returned to the United States, and died in 1829, 
aged 78 years. C. W. Peale. 

88. BLIAS BOUDENOT, born in Philadelphia, May 2, 1740. Early 

in the Revolutionary War he was appointed Commissary General of 
Prisoners. In 1777 he was chosen a member of Congress; and in 
1782 was made President of that body, and, as such, had the honor of 
signing the definite treaty of peace. He was appointed, by General 
Washington, President of the National Mint on the death of Ritten- 
house, June 26, 1796. He died October 24, 1821, aged 81 years. 

C. W. Peale. 

89. DOCTOR JOHN HANSON, President of Congress from 1781 to 

1783, was a Delegate from Maryland, and a distinguished friend of 
his country. He died 1783. C. W. Peale. 

90. RUFUS KING, an eminent American Statesman, was born in 

Scarborough, Maine, in 1755, graduated at Harvard College in 1777. 
In 1784 he was chosen to represent Newburyport in the State Legis- 
lature, and in the same year was elected a Delegate to the old Con- 
gress. In 1787 he was appointed a Delegate to the general convention 
assembled in Philadelphia, and in 1788 he removed to the city of 
New York. In 1796 he was appointed Minister to the Court of Great 
Britain, where he remained seven years. In 1813 he was chosen, by 
the Legislature of New York, a United States Senator, where he con- 
tinued until 1825. He died in 1827. C. W. Peale. 

91. GENERAL HENRY KNOX, an American General, was born in 

Boston, in 1750. He was a volunteer in the battle of Bunker Hill, 
and displayed great courage at the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Ger- 
mantown, and Monmouth. He was afterwards commissioned a Major- 
General. In 1785 he was appointed Secretary of War, which office he 
held eleven years. He died at Thomaston, Maine, in 1806. 

C. W. Peale. 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. 21 

02. COLONEL T. FORREST, of the Army of the Revolution, dis- 
tinguished for his bravery. In 1775-6 he formed a company, who 
were dressed as Indians, with painted faces, leggins, and plumes, and 
they formed a part of General Washington's guard at New York. He 
was much esteemed by General Lafayette. C. W. Peale. 

93. GENERAL OTHO WILLIAMS, an Officer in the American 

Army, in which he obtained the rank of Brigadier-General. He was 
born in Maryland, in 1748 ; for several years he was collector at 
Baltimore. He died in 1794. C. W. Pbat^e. 

[ii. GENERAL SUMPTER, a distinguished Soldier of the American 

Revolution. He belonged to the State of South Carolina, and was 
appointed a Brigadier-General by Governor Rutledge in 1780. In 1811 
he was chosen IJnited States Senator. He died suddenly, June 1st, 
1832, aged 97. C. W. Peale. 

95. GENERAL WILLIAM CLARK was associated with Captain 

Lewis in the exploring expedition to the mouth of the Columbia river, 
afterwards Governor of the Territory of Missouri, and Superintendent 
of Indian Affairs, and Surveyor-General of Public Lands at St. Louis. 

C. W. Peale. 

t)6. GENERAL HORATIO GATES, a Major-General in the Army of 

the United States during the Revolutionary War, of English birth. In 
early life he entered the British Army. He purchased an estate in 
Virginia until the American War. In 1775 he was made a Brigadier- 
General. He accompanied Washington to Cambridge. In June 1776 
he was appointed to the command of the Army in Canada, and suc- 
ceeded in capturing Burgoyne, when Congress ordered a medal of gold 
to be presented to him by the President. He died in 1806, aged 77. 

C. W. Peale. 

97. — -DOCTOR DAVID RAMSAY, an American Historian, born in 
Pennsylvania in 1749 ; was educated at Princeton College, and com- 
menced the study of Medicine. After a, short practice in Maryland he 
removed to Charleston, South Carolina, in 1773. He was for some 
time a surgeon in the Revolutionary Army. In 1782 he was elected 
to Congress, and died in 1815. C. W. Peale. 

98. COUNT REAL, an Officer of distinction during the Revolutionary 

War. . C. W. Peale. 

99. CAPTAIN JOSHUA BARNEY, a distinguished Naval Com- 
mander in the Revolution, and also in the war of 1812. He com- 
manded the American Flotilla, stationed below Washington, at the 
time of the attack made upon that city by the British, August 22, 1814. 
He was 41 years in the service of the United States, and in 26 battles. 
At his death, he was Collector of the Port of Baltimore. He was bora 
in Baltimore on the 6th July, 1759. He went to France with Mon- 
roe. He died of bilious fever at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, December 
1, 1818, aged 59. C. W. Peale. 



22 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS 

No. 

100. COMMODORE JOHN RODGERS, of the United States Navy, 

was born in Maryland, 1765. He commanded the United States 
Frigate President. He was the first to give a check to the British 
Commanders on the Ocean. C. W. Peale. 

101. GOVERNOR JOSEPH HEISTER, was born in Berks County, 

Pennsylvania, in 1752. He entered the revolutionary army young, 
was in the battle of Long Island; a prisoner in the prison ship 
Jersey; was at the battles of Germantown and Brandy wine; after 
the peace, was long a member of the State Legislature, and of Con- 
gress, and elected Governor of the State, of Pennsylvania in 1820. 
He died in 1832. C. W. Peale. 

102. CAPTAIN JOHN PAUL JONES was born at Arbigland, Scot- 
land, in July, 1747, and settled in America when young. He was 
one of the most distinguished Commanders in the United States 
Navy during the contest with the mother country. He died at Paris, 
in 1792. C. W. Peale. 

103. GENERAL RICHARD MONTGOMERY, a Major-General in 

the army of the American revolution, was born in Ireland, in 1737. 
He entered the British army and fought with Wolfi" at the siege of 
Quebec in 1759. He subsequently settled in New York, and joining 
in the cause of the Colonies he was appointed a General in the 
Northern army, and fell at the assault on Quebec, in December, 1775, 
aged 38. C. W. Peale. 

104. GENERAL JOSEPH WARREN, a patriot of the American 

revolution, was born in Roxbury, near Boston, in 1741. In June, 
1775, the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts, of which he was 
then President, made him Major-General of their forces. At the 
battle of Bunker Hill, he was slain within a few yards of the breast-' 
work; his loss was deeply felt and regretted. In 1776, his remains 
were removed from the battle ground and interred in Boston. 

C. W. Peale. 

105. GENERAL THOMAS MIFFLIN was born in Philadelphia, 

in 1744. His ancestors were Quakers. He entered public life in 
1772, as representative of Philadelphia in the Colonial Assembly, 
and was a member of the first Continental Congress ; was with Wash- 
ington at Cambridge, and in the spring of 1776 was commissioned a 
Brigadier in the Continental army; was made Major-General in 
1777. In 1783 he was a member of Congress, and was that year 
elected its President. He was a member of the Pennsylvania Legis- 
• lature in 1785 ; and in 1787 was a member of the Convention which 
framed the Federal Constitution. He' was the first, and for nine 
consecutive years, Governor of the State of Pennsylvania. He re- 
tired from office in December, 1799, and died on the 20th January, 
at Lancaster, aged 56 years. C. W. Peale. 

106. WILLIAM RUSH was born in Philadelphia, July 4, 1756. 

He entered Washington's army in the earliest part of the struggle 



IN INDEPENDENCE HALL. 



No. 

for Independence. In the art of ship carving he surpassed any other 
American, and probably any other ship carver in the world. Among 
the principal evidences of his great eminence as a sculptor in wood, 
is the full length statue of Washington in Independence, Hall. He 
was for more than twenty -five years a member of Councils of the 
City of Philadelphia. He died January 27, 1833, in his 77th year. 

C. W. Peale. 

107. THIS PROMETHOTYPE represents that distinguished patriot 

and statesman, Henry Clay, whose fame will live while a pulsation 
of liberty throbs in the American heart, or the constitution endures. 

108. GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON was born on the 22d 

February, 1732, near the banks of the Potomac, in the County of 
Westmoreland, Virginia. At the age of 15 he obtained a midship- 
man's warrant in the navy of Great Britain; but immediately re- 
signed at the request of his mother. He remained in private life 
after the defeat of Braddock until 1774, when he was sent from' Vir- 
ginia to a seat in the Continental Congress. In 1775 he was ap- 
pointed commander-in-chief of the national forces, and acted in that 
capacity until the close of the war in 1782, when he resigned and 
retired to private life. In 1789, he was unanimously elected Presi- 
dent of the United States, and held the office until 1797, when he 
once more retired to Mount Vernon, where he died December 14, 
1799. Of him it is truly said, " his history is that of his country." 
This portrait of General Washington was copied by Woodside from 
Stuart's original painting. The frame was made in the public streets 
of the city by the journeymen cabinet-makers of Philadelphia, in the 
procession commemorative of the centennial anniversary of Wash- 
ington's birth. 

109. GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON. This portrait was 

taken by Mr. James Peale in Philadelphia. The frame was made 
, by order of our aged and much respected citizen, John Binns, Esq., 
from some of the timbers taken from the frigate Constitution. 

J. Peai^e. 

110. -A REPRESENTATION in drawing of the Triumphal Arch, 

which was erected at the corner of Fourth and Tamany Streets, on 
the occasion of General Lafayette's visit to Philadelphia, in Septem- 
ber, 1824. 

111. AN ENGRAVING of Washington's Farewell Address on satin, 

was presented to the city by B. H. Rand, Esq. of Philadelphia. It 
is said to be the largest engraving of the kind in the world. Was 
published in London by Messrs. Fairmann, Rand & Toppan. 

112. ROGER SHERMAN, one of the signers of the Declaration of 

the United States; his father was a farmer at Newton, Massachusetts, 
where Roger Sherman was born on the 19th April, 1721. He was 
twice married, and was the father of 15 children. He was a member 
of Congress from 1774 until 1782 ; and in 1791 he was elected to 



■24 CATALOGUE OF THE NATIONAL PORTRAITS. 

No. _ 

the United States Senate. He died on 23d July, 1793, in his 7od 
year. 

118. GENERAL GEORGE WASHINGTON; a Photographic like- 
ness, taken by W. Jermon, Esq., from Stuart's original painting now 
in the Athenaeum, at Boston, and presented to the Citv of Philadel- 
phia, July 4, 1856. 

114. AN ENGRAVING of Penn's Treaty with the Indians on the 

banks of the Delaware in 1682. 

115.- ARTHUR O'CONNER. The Icish Patriot, General of Brigade 

in the Irish service. . R. Peale. 

116. WILLIAM WHITE, D. D., late Bishop of the Protestant 

Episcopal Church of the State of Pennsylvania. 

A BLOCK OF PENNSYLVANIA MARBLE, on which there is a re- 
presentation of the Pseesylvania coat of arms, executed by Wra. 
Struthers, for the city! of Philadelphia, and intended to 'occupy a 
place in the National Washington Monument at Washington. 






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